有时候了解一下语言的构成还是很有用处的。
学习英语的朋友都知道,英语,或者说任何语言都是由三个部分组成的,即语音、词汇、语法。按照这三个组成部分的排列顺序,英语学习的学习也要有个先后顺序,比如先学习语音、然后说单词,最后就是语法。
单词学习了,而且还认识不少,不过把这些单词放在一起或者重新排列组合一次,为什么就不认识了呢?这时候可能就要学习了解有关的语法知识了。
注意,这里的语法知识不是简单的动词时态、语态或者虚拟语气,而是习惯用法或者叫做“固定搭配”;除此以外,还有更加让人纠结的“上下文”,也就是“语境”。
别着急,先来看看看几个例子:
take up
这是一个非常简单,出现频率非常高的一个动词词组或者固定搭配,但是,在不同的上下文中,它们的意思完全不一样,换句话说,语境不同了,词组的意思也不一样了。
怎么办呢?多看看下面的例句和上下文。
1 拿起,捡起,举起,拔起;拿走:
She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
They took up arms and fought for their faith and liberty.
他们拿起武器为信仰和自由而斗争。
2 吸收(水分);溶解(固体):
She used a blotting paper to take up the ink.
她用吸墨纸吸墨。
How much water is needed to take up the sugar?
这糖需要多少水才能溶解?
3 占用,占(地方):
All available accommodation were taken up.
房间都住满了。
4 占去(地方、时间、注意力等);费(时间);占据(注意力):
I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time.
对不起,我占了你这么多宝贵时间。
The piano takes up too much space.
这架钢琴占地方太多。
5 安(家),定(居);在…安置下来:
He married a French woman and took up his residence in Paris.
他和一个法国女人结了婚,并在巴黎定居。
to take up one's residence with someone
和某人居住在一起
6 让(乘客等)上车;(车等)接纳(乘客);(船)承载(货物):
The school bus stopped to take up pupils.
校车停下来让小学生们上车。
7 开始从事(一项事业、一种职业等),学习(某种知识、技能等);着手处理(某事);关注;对…发生兴趣;论及:
He took up writing after graduation.
毕业后他开始从事写作。
to take up swimming
开始学游泳
8 采纳(信仰、意见等),接受;采取(某种态度);承担:
She took up my suggestion enthusiastically.
她热情地采纳了我的建议。
He took up a compromising attitude towards the question.
他对这个问题采取了妥协的态度。
9 接受(打赌、挑战、建议等),接受…的打赌(或挑战、建议等):
No one dared take up the challenge.
谁也不敢应战。
She took up my offer of a ride into town.
她接受我的提议,乘车进城。
10 得到,获得:
The animal took up the disease.
那个动物染上了病。
11 (为表示异议等)打断…的话;打断并校正;指责,申斥:
She took the pupil up sharply when he had a slip of the tongue.
当学生出现口误时,她立刻打断他。
12 申请;对…提出要求:
to take up one's social welfare
要求社会福利
13 接着讲,接下去说;继续(中断的话):
The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.
老师接着上星期停下来的地方把课文讲下去。
to take up one's story
继续讲故事
14 (把)(未完的事等)继续下去;从别人的手中接过来:
Tom took up where his father left off.
汤姆继承了父亲未尽的事业。
15 当…的保护人;收于(门下);关照;提携;赞助:
The young man is so lucky that he is taken up by a famous novelist.
这个年轻人很走运,他得到了一位著名小说家的指教。
16 逮捕,拘捕,捉住:
He was taken up for drunkenness.
他因酗酒而被拘留。
They took up a pickpocket.
他们捉住一个扒手。
17 扎住(动脉等);收紧;调除:
Take up these loose ropes.
把这些松了的绳子拉紧。
to take up the slack in a rope
把绳索的松垂部分拉紧
18 收缩,改短(衣服);(编织时)钩起(漏针);绕紧;扎紧:
She has taken up the legs of the trousers.
她已经把裤腿改短。
It has been taken up an inch.
已经将它收短了一英寸。
19 (把…)卷绕起来:
This part of machine is for taking up the film.
机器的这个部分是用来卷胶卷的。
20 付清(票据);(按抵押)垫款;承兑(汇票) ;认购(公债等);募(捐);收受(抵押品);全部买去,全部买下:
We will take up a collection to help the needy.
我们将募捐救济穷人。
All available tickets were taken up.
所有的票都被买光了。
最后一句不给出汉语解释,你能够通过上下文猜出词意吗?
Can you take up all the above mentioned sentences right now ?